Development of the Japanese version of the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire and its simplified versions, and evaluation of their reliability, validity, and reproducibility

• Tokudome Yuko

  Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences

• Okumura Keiko

  Department of Education and Research in Family and Community Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine

• Kumagai Yoshiko

  School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences

• Hirano Hirohiko

  Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology

• Kim Hunkyung

  Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology

• Morishita Shiho

  Department of Oral Disease Research, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology

• Watanabe Yutaka

  Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology

Abstract

Background: Because few Japanese questionnaires assess the elderly's appetite, there is an urgent need to develop an appetite questionnaire with verified reliability, validity, and reproducibility. Methods: We translated and back-translated the Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ), which has eight items, into Japanese (CNAQ-J), as well as the Simplified Nutritional Appetite Questionnaire (SNAQ-J), which includes four CNAQ-J-derived items. Using structural equation modeling, we examined the CNAQ-J structure based on data of 649 Japanese elderly people in 2013, including individuals having a certain degree of cognitive impairment, and we developed the SNAQ for the Japanese elderly (SNAQ-JE) according to an exploratory factor analysis. Confirmatory factor analyses on the appetite questionnaires were conducted to probe fitting to the model. We computed Cronbach's α coefficients and criterion-referenced/-related validity figures examining associations of the three appetite battery scores with body mass index (BMI) values and with nutrition-related questionnaire values. Test–retest reproducibility of appetite tools was scrutinized over an approximately 2-week interval. Results: An exploratory factor analysis demonstrated that the CNAQ-J was constructed of one factor (appetite), yielding the SNAQ-JE, which includes four questions derived from the CNAQ-J. The three appetite instruments showed almost equivalent fitting to the model and reproducibility. The CNAQ-J and SNAQ-JE demonstrated satisfactory reliability and significant criterion-referenced/-related validity values, including BMIs, but the SNAQ-J included a low factor-loading item, exhibited less satisfactory reliability and had a non-significant relationship to BMI. Conclusions: The CNAQ-J and SNAQ-JE may be applied to assess the appetite of Japanese elderly, including persons with some cognitive impairment.

Journal

• Journal of Epidemiology

  Journal of Epidemiology 27 (11), 524-530, 2017

  Japan Epidemiological Association

Keywords

• Appetite
• Development of questionnaires
• Japanese elderly
• Reliability
• Validity

Details

• CRID: 1390001204474643200
• NII Article ID: 130006139922
• DOI: 10.1016/j.je.2016.11.002
• ISSN: 13499092
• ISSN: 09175040
• Web Site: http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0917504017300011?httpAccept=text/xml
• Web Site: http://api.elsevier.com/content/article/PII:S0917504017300011?httpAccept=text/plain
• Web Site: https://search.jamas.or.jp/link/ui/2018287523
• Text Lang: en
• Data Source:
  • JaLC
  • Crossref
  • CiNii Articles
  • KAKEN
• Abstract License Flag: Disallowed