ANALYSIS OF DISTRIBUTION OF RETAIL STORES USING THE LOCATION POTENTIAL BY POPULATION DISTRIBUTION AND BY MAJOR ROADS

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  • 都市住民の人口分布と幹線道路による立地ポテンシャルを用いた小売業分布分析
  • 都市住民の人口分布と幹線道路による立地ポテンシャルを用いた小売業分布分析 : 地方都市を迂回するバイパスに着目して
  • トシ ジュウミン ノ ジンコウ ブンプ ト カンセン ドウロ ニ ヨル リッチ ポテンシャル オ モチイタ コウリギョウ ブンプ ブンセキ : チホウ トシ オ ウカイ スル バイパス ニ チャクモク シテ
  • 地方都市を迂回するバイパスに着目して
  • Focusing on the bypass circumventing the urban area of a local city

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Abstract

 This article aims at developing a method to analyze the location potential distribution of retail stores, formed by population distribution and major road, and analyzes a case with a bypass in a local city to circumvent the urban area.<br> Along major roads in suburban areas of local cities locate roadside shops targeting automobile users. Many of these roads are bypasses prepared to accommodate the increase in traffic due to the spread of automobiles by circumventing the urban area. The impact of the bypasses on the location of commercial facilities has been huge. Therefore, this article explored the location of commercial facilities, especially retail stores in local cities, from the viewpoint of the relationship between the size and shape of the urban area and the bypass around it.<br> This article defines the location potential distribution of the retail stores as follows. The use behavior of retail store is classified into the one from the residences of the urban residents, the one when passing the bypass, and the one when moving from the city to the outside passing along the old road. The sum of the distributions of these three types of use behaviors is called the location potential distribution of the retail stores. Using this, the distribution of retail stores is analyzed by the following three phases.<br> First, this study formulated the potential using the normal distribution, and applied it to Tateyama City in Chiba Prefecture. The results showed that the traffic and the area of the densely inhabited districts of the census were selected as explanatory variables that can reproduce retail store distribution with high precision. This means that not only the population distribution but also the traffic volume affects the distribution of the retail stores. The fact that in 2007 the area of the densely inhabited districts of 1960 was selected as an explanatory variable implies that even in 2007, when motorization has progressed, both the use behavior by walk and that by private cars influenced the distribution of retail stores.<br> Next, analysis on simple urban models showed that the place where the retail stores are most likely to be located can be classified into three places depending on various conditions of the city, that is, in the center of the city, near the entrance of the urban area and the bypass midpoint. When the traffic volume of the bypass is small compared to that of the old road and the urban area size, the city center is the most likely location. If the traffic on the bypass compared to the urban area size is large, the vicinity of the entrance of the urban area is the most likely location. When the urban area is slender, the location potential diffuses and the retail stores may be more likely to locate at the entrance of the urban area than the city center. Furthermore, as the urban area expands, retail stores are more likely to locate in the city center. These results show that in cities where traffic volume responds to the urban area size the stores are located in the city center, and in cities with higher traffic volume on the bypass than in the city center they tend to locate in other areas than the center.<br> Finally, the simple urban models were compared with Tateyama city. The number of employees corresponds to the model where the retail facilities are located at the entrance of the urban area. These results suggested the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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