The Process of Spatial Reorganization in India Due to Globalization: Focusing on De-territorialization and Re-territorialization

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  • Sawa Munenori
    Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University

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  • グローバル経済下のインドにおける空間の再編成―脱領域化と再領域化に着目して―
  • グローバル ケイザイ カ ノ インド ニ オケル クウカン ノ サイヘンセイ ダツリョウイキカ ト サイリョウイキカ ニ チャクモク シテ

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Abstract

<p>This paper regards spatial changes in India since the New Economic Policy in 1991 as spatial reorganization caused by globalization. Analyzing the process of spatial reorganization in India on a national, regional, and local scale, and the mutual relationship between the different scales, the author verifies the validity of the idea of de-territorialization and re-territorialization, which is based on Giddens’s theory of ‘modernity’. The author finds that the space is incorporated into a higher scale in the process of de-territorialization and re-territorialization.</p><p>On the national scale, the de-territorialization is caused by shaking the frame of the nation-state due to the increase in the mobility of foreign capital, laborers, and information in India. The re-territorialization is inevitably caused by the Indian central government’s policy for developing financial markets and labor markets as well as infrastructure to attract foreign capital. On the regional scale, the conditions of plant and office location are de-territorialized by the development of high-speed transportation and internet communication as well as the political deregulation of locations. The re-territorialization is inevitably caused by the heated competition for foreign capital investment among Indian cities. On the local scale, globalization strips off the ‘place’ which is embedded in the local context such as the local landscape, traditions, and history, from the suburbs which accept foreign capital and rural villages adjacent to urban areas. Subsequently, it de-territorializes the suburbs and villages by giving them a new meaning based on their economic value within a higher-level space. At the same time, the process of change itself is embedded in the local context again, and re-territorializes the Indian suburbs and villages. In the space of Indian migrants, the de-territorialization means the global flow of money and information as well as manpower, while the re-territorialization can be considered as the process of establishing Indian’s new settlements abroad.</p><p>Globalization, as a consequence of modernity, is the process that pushes the compression of the time-space increasingly, places a social act within a higher-level space, and continues de-territorialization and re-territorialization without any break. Spaces on the national, regional, and local scale are gradually incorporated into the global space through both processes.</p>

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