Early diagnosis of type 2 diabetes based on multiple biomarkers and non-invasive indices

DOI Web Site 3 Citations 25 References Open Access
  • Umeno Aya
    Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
  • Fukui Toshiki
    Olive Takamatsu Medical Clinic
  • Hashimoto Yoshiko
    Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
  • Kataoka Masatoshi
    Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
  • Hagihara Yoshihisa
    Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
  • Nagai Hidenori
    Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
  • Horie Masanori
    Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
  • Shichiri Mototada
    Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology
  • Yoshino Kohzoh
    School of Science and Technology, Kwansei Gakuin University
  • Yoshida Yasukazu
    Health Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology

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Abstract

<p>We previously reported that type 2 diabetes risk, early impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance can be predicted by measuring the fasting levels of certain biomarkers. Here we validated these findings in randomly recruited healthy volunteers (n = 101) based on biomarker expression as well as various non-invasive indices. Weight, body mass index, waist circumference and visceral fat differed between individuals with impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance, and normal subjects. Fasting plasma levels of glycated hemoglobin, leptin, pro-insulin and retinol binding protein 4 differed between impaired fasting glucose/impaired glucose tolerance and normal subjects group and between newly detected diabetes and normal subjects group. Insulin resistance was correlated with fasting levels of insulin and leptin/adiponectin (r = 0.913); of insulin, retinol binding protein 4 and leptin/adiponectin (r = 0.903); and of insulin, glycated albumin, and leptin/adiponectin (r = 0.913). Type 2 diabetes risk, early impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance were predicted with >98% specificity and sensitivity by comparing fasting glucose levels to the estimated Matsuda Index based on fasting levels of insulin, adiponectin and leptin with or without oxidative lineolate metabolites. Non-invasive indices are slightly correlated with glucose tolerance and insulin resistance but do not increase the accuracy of predicting type 2 diabetes risk.</p>

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