植木鉢の表出を促す道路空間の物的環境要因

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  • PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT OF ALLEYS FOR THE PROMOTION OF POTTED PLANTS
  • ウエキバチ ノ ヒョウシュツ オ ウナガス ドウロ クウカン ノ ブッテキ カンキョウ ヨウイン

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 Japanese cities have alleys (roads narrower than 4 meters) that are densely lined with small houses on both sides. These alleys serve as places for private activities that support local communities and facilitate transportation. Alleys are characterized by physical elements that overflow from private spaces, including potted plants, ornaments, cleaning equipment, and bicycles. Potted plants in particular are a typical and essential example of the self-expressive elements of private life that indicate the private space of residents, activate their local communities, and finally lead to their sense of security. The positive effects of overflowing potted plants have been revealed in the existing literature.<br> A close relationship exists between the physical structure of alleys and potted plants. Previous studies have analyzed how the characteristics of houses affect the number and location of potted plants. They revealed that the absence of gardens, steps separating the alley and house, and sliding doors with windows promote potted plants. However, other characteristics of alleys have not yet been fully discussed, including the density of buildings and setback distance. To fill this gap, this paper analyzed the relationship between the physical characteristics of alleys and the distribution of potted plants.<br> In order to select an empirical study area, we identified neighborhoods in the Tokyo Metropolitan area that contain many houses and alleys and selected the area around Nezu station. Then, we surveyed roads in this area and recorded the number and location of potted plants. The density of potted plants and the houses to which they belonged were estimated along road networks. In addition, we collected data on the following physical environmental indicators: road width, length, distance to wide roads, building use, setback distance, frontage. The effect of these indicators on the number of potted plants and the number of houses with potted plants was evaluated using multiple regression analysis.<br> We found that the overflow of potted plants tends to be more abundant if the following conditions are satisfied: 1) the road is narrower; 2) the buildings are denser; 3) the setback distance is shorter; 4) the frontage is narrower; 5) the distance to roads wider than 6 meters is shorter; and 6) the rate of buildings that are three stories or smaller is higher. The first three conditions mean that there are more self-expressive elements in densely built-up environments, and consequently, it is supposed that the relationship among residents is better. Considering the function of potted plants as a territorial marker, it is suggested that in a dense environment, the residents initially establish their exclusive territory by placing potted plants, but these plants consequently nurture a better relationship among residents with their conciliatory functions.<br> These results are possible generalizations for densely built-up areas; therefore, finding a way to apply as many of these conditions as possible in densely populated residential areas is recommended. For example, many of these conditions can be imposed by district plans based on the City Planning Act that allow for restrictions on land use, floor-area ratio, building coverage, setback distance, and the layout of community roads. Moreover, it is possible to preserve alleys as so-called “sanko roads” that are specially permitted to remain narrow according to Paragraph 3, Article 42 of the Building Standards Act. If Paragraph 3 is applied to narrow alleys, additional disaster prevention strategies are required. Considering the results of previous research and this paper, the community promotion and disaster prevention could be compatible if two-way evacuation and access to wide roads are satisfied.

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