北イタリア水田地帯の輪作体系と物質循環  [in Japanese] The Rice-based Rotation Systems and Material Circulation in Northern Italy  [in Japanese]

In this paper I examine the transition phenomena occurred in the rice-based rotation systems andmaterial circulation in northern Italy where the so-called capitalistic agriculture had developed since the late18th century.In the first place, I overview the Italian modern and contemporary agricultural history and the featuresof rice cultivation in Italy.In the second place, I compare the rice-based rotation systems in several periods. The introduction ofpasture into the rotation system increased the frequency of rotation from 6 years in the early 19th century to 9years by the 1870s, resulting in a good material circulation.Eventually I analyze the report presented by the agronomist Novello Novelli at the international riceconference held in Pavia 1906, where he highlighted the economic importance of pasture and stockbreedingin the rotation. Notwithstanding this, farmers were prone to carve portions of the rice fields to their advantage,depending on the availability of chemical fertilizers. This caused the decline of stockbreeding and theinterception of material circulation in the following years.