MODIFICATIONS OF “HICKOX” TYPE HOUSES

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  • 「ヒコックス」型住宅の変容について
  • カテゴリーⅠ 「ヒコックス」型住宅の変容について : F.L.ライトの住宅作品における多様性生成システムの研究
  • カテゴリー Ⅰ 「 ヒコックス 」 カタ ジュウタク ノ ヘンヨウ ニ ツイテ : F.L.ライト ノ ジュウタク サクヒン ニ オケル タヨウセイ セイセイ システム ノ ケンキュウ
  • F. L. ライトの住宅作品における多様性生成システムの研究
  • A study on the diversity generation system of Frank Lloyd Wright's houses

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Abstract

 The purpose of this study is to figure out the relationship between Frank Lloyd Wright's architectural thought and his design through an analysis of modification system of his works. This paper focuses ‘A Home in a Prairie Town’ which appeared in ‘The Ladies' Home Journal’ and regarded as one of the prototype of the Prairie Houses. It belongs to the classification of Hickox Type out of 8 types of Prairie Houses defined by this study. It has arrangement of dining room, living room, and library in a straight line, and is defined to be noted as (D-L-Lib) by the diagram B which prescribed by this study as the connections of rooms. This paper deals with following 21 houses as the Hickox type of his works. Emmond house/ Parker house/ Woolley house/ Devin house project/ Hickox house/ Home in a prairie town/ Henderson house/ Metzger house project/ Cheney house/ D. Martin house/ Sutton house/ A. Johnson house/ Westcott house/ Bock studio project/ Shaw house project/ M. Roberts house project/ Irving house/ Balch house/ H. Adams house project#1/ H. Jaxon housing project/ Brigham house.<br> The first 3 houses that precede Hickox house have sliding doors with pocket between dining room, living room, and library. Devin house project has alcoves between the 3 rooms. Hickox house has no partitions between them, and following 3 houses are the same as it. They emphasize living room by beams on the ceiling or open ceiling space. In Cheney house, hip ceiling with moldings unifies the 3 rooms, and the horizontal flying beams under the ceiling with bookshelf segment them. D. Martin house has double horizontal flying beams with curtain. The preliminary and subsequent plans of D. Martin house have different designs of moldings on ceiling from constructed plan of it. It shows that Wright has been continued studying the relationship of that 3 rooms with moldings. In A. Johnson house moldings on living room ceiling extend to outside porch of both sides. The boundaries between the 3 rooms in Westcott house are ambiguous with partitions that extended from each end of fireplace in living room to halfway and stopped short of the ceiling. There exist no boundaries although the names of the 3 rooms and furniture are written on the plan of the Bock studio project. H. Adams house project#1 has asymmetrical plan with flying beams of different width, accordion curtain, and moldings on ceiling encircle the 3 rooms. Brigham house the 3 rooms encloses around central inglenook in a horseshoe shape.<br> The results of the analysis of modification of Hickox type houses are as follows:<br> 1. The modifications of Hickox type houses come into existence from relationships between living room, dining room, and library.<br> 2. The elements have key roles in modifications are continuous ceiling, horizontal flying beams, sliding doors, hanging partition wall, mouldings, curtain and short screens.<br> 3. The main motif of modifications is understood as “integrated individualizing.”<br> In conclusion, from the perspective of his architectural thought at the time, the meaning of Hickox type houses is understood as his concept of “organic simplicity.”

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