日影・空調負荷を考慮した角度変化型ブラインドの制御システムの実装と検証

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  • IMPLEMENTATION AND TESTING OF GRADATION BLIND CONTROL SYSTEM ACCOUNTING FOR SHADOW AND HVAC LOAD
  • ヒカゲ ・ クウチョウ フカ オ コウリョ シタ カクド ヘンカガタ ブラインド ノ セイギョ システム ノ ジッソウ ト ケンショウ

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 Daylight control system is one of the most effective strategies for saving energy and creating a comfortable environment. The gradation blind which has been developed by the authors is a kind of Venetian blind in which each slat has a different angle due to the different intervals of the slats between the window and the interior. Each slat reflects the direct sunlight to the ceiling to reduce electricity consumption for lighting. In addition, reflected sunlight from the slats do not reach workers' eye positions directly, so that the workers are not disturbed by glare. In this study, three algorithms have been added to the original algorithm to reduce lighting energy, obtain the outside view and balance electricity consumption of lighting and cooling load.<br> In the new algorithm which controls the gradation blind, the date, time, solar radiation, window orientation, outside temperature, surrounding buildings and external solar shading area are necessary as input variables. The optimal blind setting is calculated in three algorithms; judgment of the presence of direct sunlight on the blind (algorithm 1), optimal slat angle for introducing daylight (algorithm 2), and energy efficiency optimization (algorithm 3).<br> In algorithm 1, the blind control system judges if the weather is clear or cloudy and calculates the area of the shadow of the surrounding buildings and the external solar shading. In algorithm 2, depending on the results of algorithm 1, the blind control system selects “viewing mode” or “daylight mode”. For viewing mode, the slat angle at eye level is set to 0 degrees. For “daylight mode”, the target slat is determined and the angle of the target slat is optimized to cut direct sunlight and to introduce reflected sunlight. Algorithm 3, "energy optimization algorithm", decides whether the blind is in "closed mode" or in "daylight mode". The algorithm weighs the amount of power saved by reduced electric lighting against the increase in power consumption by the rise in air conditioning load and determines whether "daylighting mode" or "closed mode" is more efficient. By applying these three algorithms, optimal human comfort and energy saving can be achieved.<br> In order to evaluate the performance of the control algorithms on energy-saving and indoor environment, these algorithms are applied to an office building. The three control algorithms were applied on the 18th floor of the building and two on the 16th floor where the “energy optimization algorithm” only was not applied. The results of the measurements on the 18th floor were compared with the results on the 16th floor, such that the difference between the results on these two floors can be explained as the effect of the “energy optimization algorithm”. It appears that the “energy optimization algorithm” can reduce energy consumption by 4.0% compared to the 16th floor. As for visual environment, it is evident from the luminance images that glare was suppressed and the visual environment was bright enough. Furthermore, the PMV value improved to a neutral value. Then it is concluded that the “energy optimization algorithm” is able to not only reduce energy but also improve the visual and thermal environment.<br> In order to understand the influence on personal comfort, questionnaire survey was conducted. The occupants on the 18th floor were more satisfied with the visual environment than the occupants on the other floors on the following three points of view: satisfaction with the visual environment; window glare; and brightness. Thus it is concluded that the Gradation blind with the new control system can achieve better human comfort and energy saving.

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