盛土と斜面の震害機構

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タイトル別名
  • Mechanism of Earthquake Damage to Embankments and Slopes
  • モリド ト シャメン ノ シンガイ キコウ

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抄録

This study is intended to clarify the mechanism of earthquake damage to embankments and slopes. Mechanisms, including 1) sliding of a mass, 2) collapse of an embankment, 3) failure of a slope of cohesive and of non-cohesive materials, 4) fissures on an embankment, 5) settlement of an embankment and 6) phenomena related to liquefaction of soil, are studied referring to examples of actual damage of the type. Sliding of a mass can most appropriately be explained by the block sliding theory by NEWMARK. The collapse of an embankment may also be explained by the theory with a little modification in the assumption for mechanical properties of soils. The mechanism of failure of a cohesive material is essentially the same as that of 1) or 2); that of a slope of a cohesionless material is, however, different and is correlated with the acceleration of the ground motion. The fissures on an embankment can be divided into three groups which are connected with either sliding or displacement of a part adjacent to the slope of the embankment or a local subsidence of the embankment. The settlement of an embankment occurs in regions of earthquake intensity of higher half of IV to V in the J. M. A. scale. In case of liquefaction of soils, flow of materials of an embankment as a liquid or subsidence due to decrease in volume of an embankment or an underlying layer may occur.<br>One of the most important factors which may influence the damage is the unbalance of acting forces due to the gravity, and the resistance to failure decreases noticeably with increase in inclination of the slope of an embankment or a cutting. The change in mechanical properties of soils during vibration or failure is another important factor for the damage and it should be taken, in general, into consideration to understand the damage. The number of effective pulses for damage is also important in estimating the extent of the damage. The number is estimated in the paper as 7-40 or moreover based on considerations on the mechanism of the damage or seismograms of destructive earthquakes.

収録刊行物

  • 地震　第２輯

    地震　第２輯 21 (3), 178-189, 1968

    公益社団法人 日本地震学会

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