Effects of periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus on the life prognosis in an 80-year-old community population

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  • Tagami Ayaka
    Department of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University Graduate School of Dentistry
  • Sonoki Kazuo
    Unit for Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University
  • Akifusa Sumio
    Unit of Education on Healthcare Team, School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University
  • Fukuhara Masayo
    Division of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu Dental University
  • Awano Shuji
    Division of General Education, Kyushu Dental University
  • Kakuta Satoko
    Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University
  • Soh Inho
    Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University
  • Iwasaki Masanori
    Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University
  • Ansai Toshihiro
    Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University

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Other Title
  • 80歳地域住民における歯周病と糖尿病の生命予後への影響

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Abstract

<p>To determine whether presence of periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus influence the life prognosis in 80-year-old subjects, oral and medical examinations were conducted in 697 residents of Fukuoka Prefecture of Japan who were 80 years old in 1997, and the dates and causes of death among these residents were determined 5 years and 12 years later. We analyzed the all-cause death, pneumonia death, cardiovascular-disease death and cancer death rates between the subjects with mild periodontal disease (no. of teeth with a probing depth ≥4 mm = 0-4; n = 526) and those with severe periodontal disease (no. of teeth with a probing depth ≥4 mm ≥5; n = 169), and also between the 77 diabetic patients (history of diabetes mellitus and/or random blood sugar levels ≥200 mg/dl) and 620 non-diabetic subjects. The relative risk of pneumonia death in the severe periodontal disease group was 2.28 times higher at the 12-year follow-up as compared to that in the mild periodontal disease group. On the other hand, the relative risks of cardiovascular-disease death and cancer death were not affected by the severity of the periodontal disease. The relative risks of pneumonia death and all-cause death determined at the 12-year follow-up were higher in the diabetic patients than in the non-diabetic subjects. When we analyzed four other subject groups (mild periodontal disease+non-diabetic, mild periodontal disease+diabetic, severe periodontal disease+non-diabetic, and severe periodontal disease+diabetic), the relative risk of pneumonia death at the 12-year follow-up was 2.90 times higher in the severe periodontal disease+non-diabetic group, 5.93 times higher in the mild periodontal disease+diabetic group, and 6.20 times higher in the severe periodontal disease+diabetic group as compared to that in the mild periodontal disease+non-diabetic group. The relative risks of all-cause death in the mild periodontal disease+diabetic group and severe periodontal disease+diabetic group were 2.24 times higher and 2.21 times higher, respectively, as compared to the relative risk in the mild periodontal disease+non-diabetic group. In the 80-year-old study population, it appeared that severe periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus independently increased the risk of pneumonia death, but when diabetes mellitus was present concomitantly with severe periodontal disease, the risk of pneumonia death appeared to be further increased.</p>

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