Generalized self-efficacy and related factors in sports activity characteristics in male adolescents

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  • 青年期男子における特性的自己効力感と関連するスポーツ活動の特徴

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Abstract

Generalized self-efficacy（GSE）is a belief that a person can successfully perform the behavior in question， and a person who has high GSE will adopt positive coping behavior in a difficult situation. Although a sports activity might contribute to enhance GSE, there are only a few studies that focused on the association between GSE and sports activity in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to compare GSE between male adolescents who belonged to sports club and those who did not belong to it, and investigate associated factors of GSE in sports activity characteristics. 　The study subjects were 186 junior high and 1169 high school male students in Fukuoka, Japan. We conducted the investigation in a physical education class using a self-reported questionnaire. We evaluated GSE by using the generalized self-efficacy scale. Participants were divided into following 2 groups based on whether the subjects belonged to a school extracurricular sports activity or a community sports club: belong to sports club（junior high school: n = 143, high school: n = 519）and do not belong to sports club（junior high school: n = 43, high school: n = 650）. 　We used ANCOVA adjusted for grades to compare the GSE between the two groups. A multiple regression analysis was used for investigating the associated factors of GSE in the group that belonged to the sports club. The independent variables were grades, sports activity days, regular player or not, perceived exertion in daily activity, sports type, and social support. Social support was evaluated by using the athletic social support scale, which assesses perceived social support from coaches, parents, or peers in sports activity. These analyses were conducted separately for junior high school and high school subjects. 　In both junior high and high school subjects, GSE was significantly higher in the group which belonged to a sports club than the other group. There was a significant association between GSE and sports activity days（β = 0.20）and social suppor（t β = 0.34）in junior high school subjects. As for high school subjects, GSE was significantly associated with grade（s β = －0.12）, regular playe（r β = 0.13）, team sport（s β = 0.14）and social suppor（t β = 0.28）. 　This study indicates that belonging to a sports club contributes to improving GSE in male adolescents. Since social support showed high standardized partial regression coefficient for both junior high and high school subjects, it is important to enhance social support in a sports activity to improve GSE.

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