Antigenic heterogeneity among phylogenetic clusters of influenza D viruses

  • ODAGIRI Tomoha
    Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
  • ISHIDA Hiroho
    Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
  • LI Jun-You
    Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3145 Ago, Kasama, Ibaraki 319-0206, Japan
  • ENDO Maiko
    Animal Resource Science Center, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3145 Ago, Kasama, Ibaraki 319-0206, Japan
  • KOBAYASHI Tomoya
    Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
  • KAMIKI Haruhiko
    Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
  • MATSUGO Hiromichi
    Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
  • TAKENAKA-UEMA Akiko
    Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
  • MURAKAMI Shin
    Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
  • HORIMOTO Taisuke
    Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan

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<p>Influenza (flu) D virus, a possible causative agent of bovine respiratory disease, is genetically classified into three clusters: D/OK-, D/660-, and D/Japan-lineages. To evaluate antigenic heterogeneity among these clusters, we compared antibody titers to each lineage virus using bovine sera collected over time following virus infection. Antibody titers to D/Japan-lineage virus rose rapidly in the acute phase of infection, and were 4 times higher than those to the other clustered viruses. In the later phase of infection, titers to D/Japan-lineage virus were equivalent to those to D/OK-lineage virus, and still higher than those to D/660-lineage virus. These results suggest the existence of common and lineage-specific antigenic epitopes in the hemagglutinin-esterase-fusion protein of flu D viruses.</p>

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