Relationship between menarche and fertility in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis)

  • KOBAYASHI Maiko
    Department of Psychology, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Social Science, Japan Women’s University, Kanagawa 214-8565, Japan Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
  • KOYAMA Takamasa
    Department of Psychology, Faculty of Integrated Arts and Social Science, Japan Women’s University, Kanagawa 214-8565, Japan
  • YASUTOMI Yasuhiro
    Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan
  • SANKAI Tadashi
    Tsukuba Primate Research Center, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki 305-0843, Japan

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  • Relationship between menarche and fertility in long-tailed macaques (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>)

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<p> We attempted to elucidate female reproduction in long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis). These monkeys have a non-seasonal menstruation cycle, which makes them suitable subjects for studies in a variety fields including medical science and regenerative medicine. We analyzed individual breeding data including time of menarche, start of regular menstruation, and first pregnancy. These three events are related to the maturation of female long-tailed macaques. All research subjects were female long-tailed macaques bred at the Tsukuba Primate Research Center. The study comprised 45 females; we included time of menstruation, male-female cohabitation, and first pregnancy in their growth records. We extracted age and weight data relating to menarche, start of regular menstruation, and first pregnancy from these records. In the two years typically required from menarche to first pregnancy, the body weight increased by approximately 500 g (21% of the weight at menarche); it is clear that there is a significant physical change after menarche. Our findings suggest that female monkeys are not necessarily mature enough for pregnancy at menarche. Therefore, the use of the word “maturity” in terms of fecundity may be more accurate after the start of regular menstruation. This is what we term “adolescence” in the developmental process. Therefore, M. fascicularis monkeys are candidates for an animal model of human adolescence.</p>

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