Intranuclear Mobility of Estrogen Receptor: Implication for Transcriptional Regulation

  • Matsuda Ken Ichi
    Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
  • Hashimoto Takashi
    Division of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Department of Morphological and Physiological Sciences, University of Fukui Faculty of Medical Sciences
  • Kawata Mitsuhiro
    School of Health Sciences, Bukkyo University

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<p>The estrogen receptor (ER) is a ligand-dependent transcription factor that has two subtypes: ERα and ERβ. ERs regulate transcription of estrogen-responsive genes through interactions with multiple intranuclear components, such as cofactors and the nuclear matrix. Live cell imaging using fluorescent protein-labeled ERs has revealed that ligand-activated ERs are highly mobile in the nucleus, with transient association with the DNA and nuclear matrix. Scaffold attachment factor B (SAFB) 1 and its paralogue, SAFB2, are nuclear matrix-binding proteins that negatively modulate ERα-mediated transcription. Expression of SAFB1 and SAFB2 reduces the mobility of ERα in the presence of ligand. This regulatory machinery is emerging as an epigenetic-like mechanism that alters transcriptional activity through control of intranuclear molecular mobility.</p>

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