建築物の空調機及びエアフィルタの超微粒子捕集特性

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タイトル別名
  • ULTRAFINE PARTICLE COLLECTION CHARACTERISTICS OF AIR-HANDLING UNIT AND AIR FILTER FOR BUILDING
  • ケンチクブツ ノ クウチョウキ オヨビ エアフィルタ ノ チョウビリュウシホシュウ トクセイ

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 The characterization and emission of indoor ultrafine particles (UFPs) have been of great interest. The sources of indoor particulate matters are tobacco smoke, stoves, hairspray as well as outdoor air. In the recent airtight buildings, most of atmospheric particles penetrate through outdoor air handling units (AHUs) or total heat exchange ventilators. The coarse dust filter and medium performance one used for air handling units in buildings have the collection efficiency specified for particles of 1 μm or more, but the collection efficiency for UFPs is not specified for these filters. Therefore, it is difficult to understand the influence of UFPs penetrating via outdoor AHU into indoor environments, because there have been a few studies systematically investigating the UFP collection efficiencies for air filters in AHUs of buildings.<br> This study aimed to investigate the characteristics of UFPs which penetrated into indoor environments from outside air through AHUs with air filters by measuring size number concentrations of UFPs in outdoor air, inside of the AHU, at the outlet of diffuser and in indoor air. Furthermore, the UFP collection efficiencies of the unused air filters for the AHU were measured using by the particle collection performance test device for filter media.<br> In the actual building, we measured the size distribution of UFP concentrations of outdoor, diffuser outlet and indoor air using the fast mobility particle sizer (FMPS). The UFP concentrations at diffuser outlet and in indoor air were lower than outdoor air for each particle diameter, depending on the outdoor air concentration, the diffuser and the indoor concentrations changed in the same way. Therefore, the UFPs could penetrate into the room from the outdoor air. We also measured the size distribution of UFP concentration before the coarse dust filter, and after the medium performance filter and humidifier in the AHU. The collection efficiencies of the UFP of the coarse dust filter, the medium performance filter, and the humidifier were different, and the collection efficiency in the whole AHU attained 30% to 70%. The collection efficiency of UFPs of 100 nm or less in the whole AHU tended to increase.<br> We conducted the air filter collection efficiency tests for air filters used in the AHU. The collection efficiency of the coarse dust filter in the AHU was lower than that of the unused one. The fiber layer of the coarse dust filter was deteriorated due to repeated washing of coarse dust filter media for periodic maintenance. Since medium performance filters in AHUs were used for a long time and encountered accumulation of particles, the collection efficiency remarkably increased as compared with unused one. The collection efficiency of medium performance filter for UFPs were increased due to the diffusion and interception effect of UFPs.

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