Application of GCF for Gingivitis Assessment in Children

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  • KAKUTA Satoko
    Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University
  • SOH Inho
    School of Oral Health Sciences, Kyushu Dental University
  • YOSHIHARA Akihiro
    Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University
  • FUKUI Makoto
    Department of Preventive Dentistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
  • IWASAKI Masanori
    Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University
  • SUWAMA Kana
    Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University
  • TSURUTA Miho
    Division of Preventive Dentistry, Kagoshima University Hospital
  • HIRAYAMA Aya
    Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University
  • KATAOKA Syota
    Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University
  • SHIGEYAMA Hiroyo
    Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University
  • YOKOTA Makoto
    Yokota Dental Academy
  • USHIJIMA Naohumi
    Ushijima Dental Clinic
  • TAMAKI Naofumi
    Department of Preventive Dentistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
  • ITO Hiro-O
    Department of Preventive Dentistry, Tokushima University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences
  • ANSAI Toshihiro
    Division of Community Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University

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Other Title
  • 小児の歯肉炎評価におけるGCFの応用に関する検討
  • ショウニ ノ シニクエン ヒョウカ ニ オケル GCF ノ オウヨウ ニ カンスル ケントウ

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Abstract

<p> Assessment of gingivitis is generally dependent on visual examination and probing. Currently, there is no procedure available that is non-invasive, easily performed, objective, and reproducible for the screening of gingivitis. In this study, we investigated whether substances in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) can be useful as biomarkers for gingivitis. The participants were 107 elementary school children (fifth and sixth graders) in Kitakyushu City. We collected samples of GCF from each child using a blotting brush and quantitated the levels of α-1 antitrypsin (A1AT), lactoferrin (Lf), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in the fluid. We then compared the results with oral gingival findings, such as the PMA index (PMA), community periodontal index (CPI), and plaque attachment index (PlI). The PMA and PlI results were binarized into a low-value group and a high-value group and then compared with each GCF substance. Significant differences (p<0.05) were identified for all substances when compared with the PMA results and for all substances, except LDH, when compared with the PlI results. The cut-off points from the ROC curve analysis for these substances (A1AT, Lf, AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH) compared with the PMA results were 283.8, 152.1, 4.5, 1.5, 2.5, and 26.0, respectively, and those compared with the PlI results were 248.3, 114.4, 2.5, 1.5, and 2.5, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio was approximately 1.5 to 3.0.</p><p> These results suggest that A1AT, Lf, AST, ALT, and ALP levels in GCF may be useful as biomarkers for gingivitis screening in children.</p>

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