Depriving Tourism Benefir of Local Communities:

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  • IWAI Yukino
    The Hirayama Ikuo Volunteer Center, Waseda University

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Other Title
  • 奪われる住民の観光便益
  • 奪われる住民の観光便益 : タンザニア,ワイルドライフ･マネジメントエリアの裏切り
  • ウバワレル ジュウミン ノ カンコウ ベンエキ : タンザニア,ワイルドライフ ・ マネジメントエリア ノ ウラギリ
  • ─タンザニア，ワイルドライフ・マネジメントエリアの裏切り─
  • Betrayal of Wildlife Management Areas in Tanzania

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Abstract

<p>Since the 2000s, Tanzania has been establishing Wildlife Management Areas (WMAs) by implementing new wildlife policy. This policy follows the principles of Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) as a means of reducing poverty in rural communities through delegation of authority and tourism benefit sharing. WMA is an area of communal land set aside exclusively by member villages as a habitat for wildlife. As of 2017, there are 17 WMAs established, consisting of 148 villages and 440,000 of residents in total.</p><p>This paper examines what kind of impact has been brought about by WMA on member villages in the last 10 years since its establishment. The research was conducted in IKONA WMA adjacent to Serengeti National Park, northern Tanzania. IKONA is considered as the best practice among WMAs because of its extra bigger income amounting to US$500,000 in 2012. However, despite the continuous annual increase of the income, this study found out some challenges in IKONA, especially 1) lengthy and costly establishment process, 2) reduction of tourism benefit, 3) vulnerable governance, and 4) difficulty of changing the land use plan. As the consequence of these challenges, I argue that a WMA works as a tool of land grabbing.</p>

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