現代日本の狭長敷地に建つ都市住宅における窓辺の構成と冬期の光・熱環境

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  • LIGHT AND THERMAL ENVIRONMENTS NEAR THE WINDOWS OF CONTEMPORARY JAPANESE HOUSE IN SLENDER SITES DURING WINTER
  • ゲンダイ ニホン ノ キョウチョウ シキチ ニ タツ トシ ジュウタク ニ オケル マドベ ノ コウセイ ト トウキ ノ ヒカリ ・ ネツ カンキョウ

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<p> Introduction:</p><p> Regional climate is an important element in architectural design. In particular, passive design that uses natural energy effectively by architectural methods is getting its importance from the viewpoint of environmental problems and energy conservation. Window is one of fundamental elements for passive design methods such as daylighting and cross ventilation. However, the slender sites with narrow frontage and deep depth exist as a typical housing lot in contemporary urban area in Japan. These conditions might restrict the design direction of these houses, especially for window, because the locational factors cause limitations for their arrangements while various necessities for the urban house, such as keeping privacy, safety and view, are required. Hence, it is necessary for their design to respond to both requirements, one is from the passive design solutions and the other is from each site’s specific conditions. It could be considered that various characteristics of practices for passive design in contemporary houses emerge throughout their investigations. Particularly, ambivalent characteristics between light and thermal environment near the large window in winter which has advantage to get much sunlight but disadvantage for keeping warm could be found. Therefore, this paper aims to clarify characteristics of spatial composition, light environment and thermal environment near the window of contemporary Japanese houses in the slender site during winter.</p><p> </p><p> Methods:</p><p> First, spatial composition of near the window is examined besides the overview about climatic condition. Then, characteristics of the main space and its windows are analyzed as seen from the way to open to surroundings.</p><p> Second, light and thermal environments of the main space in a winter day are analyzed by simulations. Light environment is examined by illuminance near the window and the center while thermal environment near the window is examined by operative temperature with considering variations in a day.</p><p> Third, relationships of spatial composition, light and thermal environments are analyzed.</p><p> </p><p> Results:</p><p> 1) In both the long north-south site and the long east-west site, the main space and near the window tend to be located on the upper floor and opened to the outside site.</p><p> 2) The illuminance near the window is highest mostly in the daytime while the center place tends to be highest also in the evening. The unevenness of illuminance between these places also increases mostly in the daytime. In the analysis of thermal environment near the window, the degree-hour (DH) is used to indicate fluctuation of operative temperature. Many cases show the highest amount of DH in the evening while the Comfort DH and the High DH rarely appear.</p><p> 3) The composite analysis of space and environment shows correlative characteristics among the cases which get much the light and heat of the sun. It indicates that the main window facing south with outdoor space inside site is superior. Further investigation regarding improvement of thermal insulation performance of the window indicates a tendency of a trade-off between brightness and warmth. The DH generally increases and thermal environment is improved in most cases though it differs depending on the size of window and the structural property.</p>

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