小ユニット制児童養護施設における共用空間の機能に関する事例研究

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  • A CASE STUDY ON THE FUNCTION OF THE COMMON SPACE IN SMALL UNIT SYSTEM CHILDREN'S HOME
  • ショウユニットセイ ジドウ ヨウゴ シセツ ニ オケル キョウヨウ クウカン ノ キノウ ニ カンスル ジレイ ケンキュウ

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<p> In the 2000s, Children’s Home have seen a transition from a large unit system that entails living together as a large group to a small unit system that focuses on a family-oriented living environment with a small group of people. The small unit system is beneficial for a child’s peace of mind and a stable relationship to be built with staff members; however, many issues with the management and operation of such institutions have been raised. As such, though originally, the ideal of the small unit system was that each home would be able to offer a lifestyle that allowed for independence in food, clothing, and shelter, recently, there have been efforts to reduce the ill effects of small unit systems by developing lifestyle behaviors in common spaces outside the homes. It can be said that the function of the common space has diversified.</p><p> This research has extracted the cases of three institutions, and it aims to capture the management direction and use of the common space as well as the actual state of awareness of the space, and from this, examine the function of the common space. The following was made clear from this research.</p><p> The commonality among these three institutions is that mandatory behaviors like sleeping and eating are done in the residential space. As for the behavior of the children, restrictive behavior like studying and chores, as well as free behavior like playing and hobbies are done in the residential space, but because the multi-purpose area and specialized area of the common space can be used after approval is given by staff members, it can be said that the common space is supplementary to the residential space. Regarding the behavior of the staff members, those at C preferred to do their work such as recording things and meeting with others in the residential space, whereas those at A and B preferred to use the common space as the base.</p><p> After investigating the awareness of the children and staff members about the atmosphere in the institution, in A and B, it was found that the management and specialized areas were more acknowledged than the home area as a place to engage in communication between the children and the staff members. In contrast, at C, the home was strongly acknowledged as the place for communication.</p><p> From the group discussions conducted by the staff members about the function of the common space, it was found that the staff at A affirmatively accepted the establishment and use of the current common space. B focused on the function of the common space as being somewhere for the child to go to aside from individual support or residential space. As with the other two institutions, C understood that issues included the management method of children using the multi-purpose area and managing both the work done in the area and responding to the children.</p><p> From the investigation above, it was pointed out that the function of the common space involved the following seven points: 1) complementing the lifestyle of living space 2) individual support 3) group work 4) retreat from Home area 5) guarantee of options in living 6) support of the staff members’ team approach 7) staff’s break. For these points, 2) 3) 4) 6) 7) are considered to be included in the original purpose of the common space. Meanwhile, 1) 5) are considered to be the functions particular to the small unit system.</p>

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