Social Work and Welfare Sociology: A Study on theInversion: Phenomenon of Gender Roles in theEarly Period of Japanese Social Work

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  • 「社会的なもの」の仕事と社会学のあいだ
  • 「社会的なもの(ソーシャル)」の仕事(ワーク)と社会学のあいだ : 反転したジェンダーロールと在来知
  • 「 シャカイテキ ナ モノ(ソーシャル)」 ノ シゴト(ワーク)ト シャカイガク ノ アイダ : ハンテン シタ ジェンダーロール ト ザイライ チ
  • 反転したジェンダーロールと在来知

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Abstract

<p>From the end of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century, Chicago</p><p>was a symbolic scene where sociology and social work were divided.</p><p>　Hull House, one of the first social settlements in North America, was founded</p><p>in 1889. Jane Adams and her associates of Hull House worked for social reform,</p><p>and their contribution are considered as one of the sources of social work practice.</p><p>On the other hand, Robert E. Park, played a leading role in the Department</p><p>of Sociology and Anthropology at the University of Chicago, saw the city</p><p>as laboratories. He differentiated sociology from social work research by positioning</p><p>them as women’s method of research.</p><p>　However, most of the Japanese “social workers” in the first half of the 20th</p><p>century were men. It was like an inversion phenomenon of gender roles. Although</p><p>researchers and practitioners of social work in Japan were energetically</p><p>learning Western social work at that time.</p><p>　In this paper, I examined the fact that many of the “Homen-iin” members</p><p>who practiced social work for the first time in Japan were men. Before the end</p><p>of the Second World War, the powerful and influential people in the area, usually</p><p>head of the wealthy house, often served as a Homen-iin committee as honorary</p><p>workers. Today, more than 60％ of the Welfare Commissioners are female</p><p>（Minsei-iin）. This change is considered to indicate that motivation for participation</p><p>and changes in community, values and so on have changed in recent years.</p><p>Nonetheless, the perspective of regarding “the social” as a combination of selfhelp,</p><p>public assistance and mutual help is still seen as steady.</p>

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