SPECIFIC LEARNING DISORDERS AND BRAIN FUNCTION

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  • LDの脳機能
  • LD ノ ノウ キノウ

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Abstract

<p>Specific learning disorders involve deficits in cognitive function relevant to the acquisition of basic learning skills such as reading, writing, and calculation. Brain dysfunction is the assumed cause underlying the cognitive deficits. Functional neuroimaging (e.g., functional MRI, PET, etc.), neurophysiological testing (e.g., event related potentials, magnetoencephalography, etc.), and structural neuroimaging (e.g., voxel based morphometry, diffusion tensor imaging, etc.) have been used to examine such brain dysfunctions. This study summarizes recent research using these methods in the study of developmental dyslexia and dyscalculia.</p><p>Recent functional imaging studies suggest that specific learning disorders result from altered patterns of specialization in the cerebral cortex, including the visual word form area in the left fusiform cortex in developmental dyslexia, and in the bilateral intraparietal sulci in dyscalculia. However, studies have not revealed why cerebral specialization is altered in those ways. Longitudinal studies tracking participants from infancy, and studies combining functional imaging with other neuroimaging and neurophysiological techniques are needed to further understand the etiologies of specific learning disorders.</p>

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