"Familialization Policy" of Care and Foreign Domestic Workers in East Asia

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  • 東アジアにおけるケアの「家族化政策」と外国人家事労働者
  • ヒガシアジア ニ オケル ケア ノ カゾクカ セイサク ト ガイコクジン カジ ロウドウシャ

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Abstract

One of the characteristics of East Asian welfare provision is to make use of family as a major service provider of care. However, as seen in other developed nations, fonnation of nuclear family, women' s entry into labor market, residual service provision from government made it difficult for family to supply care accordingly to the increasing care needs. Another common aspect of those regions is that government promotes family to maintain responsible for the care service provider through tax reduction, legalization of maintenance of elderly parents, moral education and issuance of employment permit of foreign domestic worker. This can be called familialization policy, which made use of traditional nonns and values. Even with difference of welfare policy in those regions, one feature in common is the high dependency ratio of migrants working as domestic helper. Familializaton policy is typically practiced in Singapore whose government declared not to follow welfare states to keep international economic competitiveness. When compared to other nations, East Asian region is of quite conspicuous in that they accept foreign workers as domestic workers in order to keep family function as care provider. This means that domestic workers help maintain traditional function as care provider that contradicts nowadays due to structural change of family and high ratio of women in the labor market. However, familialization policy has some drawbacks. First, not all can secure care from domestic worker due to hislher economic employability. This is the drawback of market transaction. Secondly, family as a unit of care provider can work when a person fonns a family. In other words, single persons theoretically cannot dependent on family care because he/she does not fonn a family.

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