Porcine IL-12 plasmid as an adjuvant improves the cellular and humoral immune responses of DNA vaccine targeting transmissible gastroenteritis virus spike gene in a mouse model

  • LI Xunliang
    College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
  • LI Pengchong
    College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China Fushun Committee of Agriculture, East of Linjiang Street, Shuncheng District, Fushun 113006, China
  • CAO Liyan
    State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 678 Haping Road, Harbin 150040, China
  • BAI Yunyun
    Chongqing Lianglu/Cutan Free Trade Port Area Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, 88 Yanhang road Cuntan Street Jangbei District, Chongqing 400023, China
  • CHEN Huijie
    College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
  • LIU He
    >Fushun Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, East of Gebu Street, Shuncheng District, Fushun 113013, China
  • REN Xiaofeng
    College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China
  • LI Guangxing
    College of Veterinary Medicine, Key Laboratory for Laboratory Animals and Comparative Medicine of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, 600 Changjiang Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin 150030, China

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<p>Transmissible gastroenteritis (TGE), caused by transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), is a highly infectious disease in pigs. Vaccination is an effective approach to prevent TGEV infection. Here, we evaluated the potential of TGEV S1 as a DNA vaccine and porcine interleukin (pIL)-12 as an adjuvant in a mouse model. A DNA vaccine was constructed with the TGEV S1 gene to induce immune response in an experimental mouse model; pIL-12 was chosen as the immunological adjuvant within this DNA vaccine. The pVAX1-(TGEV-S1) and pVAX1-(pIL-12) vectors were transfected into BHK-21 cells and expressed in vitro. Experimental mice were separately immunized with each of the recombinant plasmids and controls through the intramuscular route. The lymphocytes isolated from the blood and spleen were analyzed for proliferation, cytotoxic activities, and populations of CD4+ and CD8+ cells. The titers of TGEV S1 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and TGEV neutralizing antibodies and the concentrations of interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-4 were also analyzed in the serum. The plasmids pVAX1-(TGEV-S1) and pVAX1-(pIL-12) could be expressed in BHK-21 cells, and the combination of pVAX1-(TGEV-S1) and pVAX1-(pIL-12) could induce a significant increase in all markers. pIL-12 could act as an immunological adjuvant in the DNA vaccine for TGEV-S1. Furthermore, the DNA vaccine prepared using TGEV-S1 and porcine IL-12 could induce excellent humoral and cellular immune responses.</p>

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