The transfer of parthenogenetic embryos following artificial insemination in cows can enhance pregnancy recognition via the secretion of interferon tau

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  • FUNESHIMA Natsumi
    Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
  • NOGUCHI Tatsuo
    University Farm, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Shizuoka 418-0109, Japan
  • ONIZAWA Yuri
    Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
  • YAGINUMA Hikari
    Animal Bio-Technology Center, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan Inc., Tokyo 135-0041, Japan
  • MIYAMURA Motoharu
    Animal Bio-Technology Center, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan Inc., Tokyo 135-0041, Japan
  • TSUCHIYA Hideki
    Animal Bio-Technology Center, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan Inc., Tokyo 135-0041, Japan
  • IWATA Hisataka
    Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
  • KUWAYAMA Takehito
    Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
  • HAMANO Seizo
    Animal Bio-Technology Center, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan Inc., Tokyo 135-0041, Japan Maebashi Institute of Animal Science, Livestock Improvement Association of Japan Inc., Gunma 371-0121, Japan
  • SHIRASUNA Koumei
    Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan

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<p> Repeat breeding is a reproductive disorder in cattle. Embryo transfer following artificial insemination (AI) improves pregnancy rate by replenishing interferon tau (IFNT), but it results in a notably higher rate of twin occurrence. This study hypothesized that parthenogenetic (PA) embryo transfer following AI (AI + PA) could improve the conception rate because that PA embryo become as a supplemental source of IFNT without twins. PA embryos showed higher IFNT mRNA expression than in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryos. An examination of the effect of the cultured conditioned media (CM) of PA or IVF embryos on Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells with stably introduced promoter-reporter constructs of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15, marker of IFN response) showed higher stimulation levels of ISG15 promoter activity with PA than with IVF embryo. We investigated in vivo the effect of AI + PA on healthy Japanese Black cattle. Cattle transferred with PA embryo alone were non-fertile, but those that underwent AI + PA showed a pregnancy rate of 53.3%, the similar as that with AI alone (60%). In pregnant cattle in AI + PA group, adding the PA embryo upregulated the expression of ISGs and plasma progesterone concentration. No twin were generated in AI only and AI + PA groups. Using repeat breeding Holstein cows that did not become pregnant with 4–9 times of AI, transfer of PA embryo following AI resulted in a higher pregnancy rate than that of control (AI only). We suggest that AI + PA may be beneficial for improving maternal pregnancy recognition in repeat breeder cattle while avoiding twin generation.</p>

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