Pharmacological Characterization of a Novel Mouse Model of Cholestatic Pruritus

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  • Andoh Tsugunobu
    Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama Department of Pathological Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Kinjo Gakuin University
  • Suzuki Kazunari
    Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
  • Konno Mitsuhiro
    Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
  • Tsuneyama Koichi
    Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Health Biosciences, Tokushima University Graduate School
  • Kuraishi Yasushi
    Department of Applied Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama

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<p>Patients with cholestatic liver diseases, such as primary biliary cirrhosis, usually suffer from pruritus. However, the pathogenesis of cholestatic pruritus is unclear, and there is no current effective treatment for it. In order to find a treatment for the condition, an appropriate mouse model should be developed. Therefore, here, we established a surgically-induced mouse model of cholestatic pruritus. The bile duct was ligated in order to block bile secretion from the anterior, right, and left lobes, with the exception of the caudate lobe. Serum levels of total bile acid increased after bile duct ligation (BDL). The spontaneous hind paw scratching was also increased in BDL mice. Spontaneous scratching was reduced in BDL mice by naloxone (µ-opioid receptor antagonist), U-50,488H (κ-opioid receptor agonist), and clonidine (α2-adrenoceptor agonist). Azelastine (H1 receptor antagonist with membrane-stabilizing activity) slightly reduced scratching. However, terfenadine (H1 receptor antagonist), methysergide (serotonin (5-HT)2 receptor antagonist), ondansetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist), proteinase-activated receptor 2-neutralizing antibody, fluvoxamine (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor), milnacipran (serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitor), and cyproheptadine (H1 and 5-HT2 receptor antagonist) did not affect scratching. These results suggested that partial obstruction of bile secretion in mice induced anti-histamine-resistant itching and that central opioid system is involved in cholestatic itching.</p>

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