被害算定型LCIA手法LIME2の枠組みに基づく全国市区町村の年間環境影響評価（その２）：時系列推移の可視化

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  • ANNUAL NATIONWIDE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF JAPANESE MUNICIPALITIES WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK OF ENDPOINT-TYPE LCIA METHOD “LIME2” (PART 2): VISUALIZATION OF TEMPORAL CHANGES
  • ヒガイ サンテイガタ LCIA シュホウ LIME2 ノ ワクグミ ニ モトズク ゼンコク シクチョウソン ノ ネンカン カンキョウ エイキョウ ヒョウカ(ソノ 2)ジケイレツ スイイ ノ カシカ

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<p> In Japan, a unified system for measuring environmental loads in administrative areas has not been officially established. In a previous study, the authors focused on Japanese minimum administrative divisions (municipalities) and quantified the annual environmental loads attributable to each division in the year 2015 using the LCIA method. For this, the study leveraged the assessment theory of the Life-Cycle Impact Assessment Method Based on Endpoint Modeling 2 (LIME2). This method is able to calculate assessment results in monetary units via the so-called “Eco-index Yen” (unit: Japanese yen) while integrating the environmental loads of several impact categories, such as “Climate change” and “Land use”. Based on this, the present study sought to conduct the same assessment for each year from 2000 to 2015, and visualize the temporal changes in environmental loads within all Japanese municipalities by impact categories and by type of business.</p><p> Using statistical information that was reliable, verifiable, and comparable, the total environmental damage amount for the whole of Japan was calculated to be 8.40, 8.47, 7.50, and 7.41 trillion yen in 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015, respectively. This indicates that damage amounts were generally on a downward trend throughout the 16-year period. Focusing on impact categories, the damage amounts for five categories, “Photochemical ozone, ” “Resources consumption, ” “Acidification, ” “Atmosphere pollution, ” and “Waste (domestic), ” decreased every five-year period. Focusing on the type of business, the damage amounts for “Primary Industries (Agriculture, etc.)” and “Secondary Industries (Manufacturing, etc.)” decreased every five-year period, and the damage amount for “Tertiary Industries (Service industry, etc.)” began to decline in 2005. This suggests that damage amounts reflect the effects of environmental policies and the activities of industries over time around the country.</p><p> Next, the temporal changes in damage amounts were placed on a map of Japan to visualize patterns across municipalities. In overall terms, declining damage was discerned across many municipalities between 2005 and 2010. This tendency was particularly pronounced in the “Climate change” and “Atmosphere pollution” impact categories and the “Construction” and “Manufacturing” industries. This likely reflects not only local environmental policy interventions, but also the global financial crisis that began in 2008.</p><p> From these results, it became possible to visualize the change over time in environmental loads based on social factors related to each period in Japan. This study provides information that can be used for making decisions about environmental policies, as well as primary knowledge needed to develop standardized environmental accounting guidelines for Japanese municipalities.</p>

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