Multiple Aspects of Self-esteem Measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) for Children: Focusing on Adaptive and Nonadaptive Self-esteem

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  • Yokoshima Takayuki
    Center for the Science of Prevention Education, Naruto University of Education
  • Uchiyama Yumi
    Department of Pedology, Faculty of Human Life Science, Shikoku University
  • Uchida Kanako
    Department of Psychology and Educational Science, Naruto University of Education
  • Yamasaki Katsuyuki
    Department of Psychology and Educational Science, Naruto University of Education

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Other Title
  • 子ども用のRosenberg Self-Esteem Scale（RSES）が測定する小学生の自尊感情の多側面
  • 子ども用のRosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)が測定する小学生の自尊感情の多側面 : Self-Esteemの適応的側面と不適応的側面に着目して
  • コドモヨウ ノ Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES)ガ ソクテイ スル ショウガクセイ ノ ジソン カンジョウ ノ タソクメン : Self-Esteem ノ テキオウテキ ソクメン ト フテキオウテキ ソクメン ニ チャクモク シテ
  • ―Self-Esteemの適応的側面と不適応的側面に着目して―

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Abstract

<p>Background: Self-Esteem is a crucial characteristic to enhance mental health and adaptive behaviors at schools. One of the most famous scales to measure self-esteem is the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). However, recent studies have revealed that the RSES for adults measures both adaptive and nonadaptive aspects of self-esteem. Therefore, the difficulties of utilizing the RSES in clinical and educational intervention research are indicated. On the other hand, there is little research for children to examine if the RSES includes both adaptive and nonadaptive self-esteem.</p><p>Objective: The main purpose of current study is examining whether the RSES for children measures adaptive and nonadaptive self-esteem.</p><p>Methods: Participants were 581 children from 4th to 6th grades and 20 homeroom teachers in elementary schools. The RSES for Children (RSES-C) that includes 10 items was developed for this study, considering the content validity and comprehensibility for children. The results were compared between three groups (adaptive and nonadaptive high self-esteem, and low SE) nominated by the homeroom teachers.</p><p>Results:The main results were as follows:<br> 1) The results of factor analyses showed that the RSES-C consists of one factor with eight items, in which item number 2 and 8 were excluded due to low factor loadings. Cronbach's alpha coefficients for internal consistency illustrated adequate levels of scores (overall: α=.81, males: α=.80, females: α=.82).<br> 2) Gender difference and grade difference were examined through two-way analysis of variance (grade and sex). The results revealed that there were no significant main effects with in interaction effect.<br> 3) The scores in the groups of adaptive and nonadaptive self-esteem were not different and higher than the low self-esteem group. This finding suggested that what the children version measures is similar to what the adult one does.</p><p>Conclusion: Through these results, it was suggested that the RSES-C measures both adaptive and nonadaptive self-esteem, like the adult version of the RSES. The RSES-C needs to be carefully utilized in assessing adaptive self-esteem for the evaluation of intervention programs at schools.</p>

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