全電化のネット・ゼロ・エネルギー・ハウスの電力需給に関する実態分析

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  • POWER SUPPLY AND DEMAND OF ALL-ELECTRIFIED NET ZERO ENERGY HOUSES
  • ゼン デンカ ノ ネット ・ ゼロ ・ エネルギー ・ ハウス ノ デンリョク ジュキュウ ニ カンスル ジッタイ ブンセキ

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<p> The purpose of this study is to investigate the energy consumption, power supply and demand of all-electrified net Zero Energy Houses (ZEHs). Energy measurement data of 67 all-electrified ZEHs was analyzed based on a nationwide survey conducted from 2018 to 2019. The primary energy consumption of all-electrified ZEHs was described in comparison with conventional houses. By analyzing the self-consumption rate, the self-sufficient rate, the amount of sales and purchase power, and the charging and discharging of storage batteries, the circumstances of power supply and demand of the all-electrified ZEHs were discussed.</p><p> The following conclusions are obtained in this article.</p><p> 1) The average annual primary energy consumption of all-electrified ZEHs was 56.5 GJ, which was about 0.9 times that of conventional houses in 2003. Sum of air conditioning and ventilation energy, and hot water supply energy of all-electrified ZEHs decreased compared to conventional houses in 2003, but other energies such as that of home appliances increased 1.8 times and accounted for about half the total energy. Moreover, sum of lighting and home appliance energy increased about 2.0 times compared to the conventional houses in 2017, suggesting that energy saving measures for home appliances are highly required.</p><p> 2) In comparison with the design values, the actual measurement values of air conditioning, ventilation, hot water supply and lighting energy decreased, but that of home appliance energy increased. Additionally, all all-electrified ZEHs achieved net zero energy when excluding home appliance energy, whereas about 20% of the all-electrified ZEHs did not achieve net zero energy when including home appliance energy during the operation stage.</p><p> 3) The air conditioning and ventilation energy consumption of all-electrified ZEHs was higher in summer but lower in winter compared to the conventional houses. It can be inferred that the use of air conditioners in summer increased in all-electrified ZEHs. Moreover, the heating energy consumption of all-electrified ZEHs in winter was reduced because of the improvement in thermal insulation performance and efficiency of heating equipment.</p><p> 4) Water heaters (CO2 Heat Pump) were operated during nighttime in most of the all-electrified ZEHs. To improve the self-consumption rate with the sequential completion of the feed-in tariff system, it is necessary to consider daytime operation of water heaters.</p><p> 5) The average self-consumption rate of all all-electrified ZEHs was 22.4%. There was no particular trend regarding the presence or absence of storage batteries on the self-consumption rate, suggesting that all-electrified ZEHs currently use the feed-in tariff system and are operated with profit as the objective, obtained by selling more electricity. To improve the self-consumption rate, it will be necessary to establish the definition and set requirements of the self-consumption rate, and clearly present benefits to the residents.</p>

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