タイにおける基礎教育改革と中等学校をめぐる格差

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タイトル別名
  • Basic Education Reform and Disparities Related to Secondary School in Thailand: Patron-Client Relationships of the Hierarchical Society
  • タイにおける基礎教育改革と中等学校をめぐる格差 : 「分を知る」社会の二者間関係
  • タイ ニ オケル キソ キョウイク カイカク ト チュウトウ ガッコウ オ メグル カクサ : 「 フン オ シル 」 シャカイ ノ ニシャ カン カンケイ
  • ―「分を知る」社会の二者間関係―

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<p>This paper aims to understand the disparities in secondary schools in Thailand and their underlying factors. Data was obtained by tracing the basic education reform measures that have been taken over the last 20 years, and by conducting interviews with an official of the Basic Education Commission in the Ministry of Education, university students, and a graduate. The review of the National Test (ONET) scores indicates that the disparity of schools in urban and the rest is gradually shifting downwards from high school to junior high school. Results from the interviews with the university students highlight the decisiveness of human relationship; that is, a patron-client relationship, where, for Thai people, life and career seem to be determined from the moment of one's birth. Similarly, interviews with the Ministry official imply that there is a pessimistic feeling that this tendency will be strengthened particularly in the context of legitimization of education as welfare through the efforts made by the Equitable Education Fund. Parallelly, the Ministry enhances and promotes luxurious education programs for the few. However, the narration of the next generation of Thais (university students) on their actual experiences about the disparities of the secondary school, the traditional Thai values, and the influential human relationships, etc. gives new hope that the next generation will transform the Thai traditional society and its values by considering the common good in the context of universalization and the disparities of education. These findings confirm the existence and continuation of the disparities in secondary school reported by previous researchers (e.g. Funatsu 2003, Lathapipat 2018). One important discussion point is that the disparities of secondary schooling are deeply rooted in the hierarchical structure of the Thai society (Holmes et al. 1995=2000). Another point is that although Thailand is“the land of the free,”its freedom, equality and equity are different from those recalled in the review articles of this special issue.</p>

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