各国の建築によるEmbodied Impactに関する研究

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  • STUDY ON WORLDWIDE EMBODIED IMPACTS OF CONSTRUCTION
  • カッコク ノ ケンチク ニ ヨル Embodied Impact ニ カンスル ケンキュウ

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<p> This study analyzed construction Embodied Greenhouse gas emissions (EG) using input-output tables and CO2 emission data obtained from 40 countries. The analysis used input-output tables of 35 sectors, provided in the World Input-Output Database (WIOD). The analysis revealed the following;</p><p> 1) The intensities of the 35 sectors in the 40 countries and the CO2 emissions by sector were calculated. It was verified that the construction sector accounted for the largest share (20%).</p><p> 2) We developed a diagram showing the relationship between the CO2 emission ratio and the construction EG ratio for each of the countries, and demonstrated the impact of construction EG (Fig. 1). The larger the square area of a country, the larger is the magnitude of the construction EG. Thus, it was shown that China exerts the highest impact.</p><p> 3) China has the highest construction EG share (36%), followed by India (25%), Indonesia (21%), and Turkey (14%). The BRICS countries Brazil (14%) and Russia (10%) also have relatively large values.</p><p> 4) The smaller the GNI per capita, the higher is the construction EG share. It can be stated that the construction EG of developing countries tends to be large because the investment in the construction of roads and buildings is generally undertaken at the developmental stage.</p><p> 5) An analysis of the composition of the sectors that have invested in construction in 10 countries shows that three sectors (11:Other Non-Metallic Mineral, 12:Basic Metals and Fabricated Metal, 17:Electricity, Gas and Water Supply) exerted a large impact on the construction sector. These sectors are related mainly to cement production, steel production and energy supply.</p><p> 6) Cement manufacturing and construction EG are highly correlated. The construction EG is approximately three times of the CO2 emissions from cement production.</p><p> 7) The relationship of the total CO2 emissions with the construction EG and with the CO2 emissions from cement production was analyzed for Japan, the United States, China, and India for the period 1995–2009. In China and India, the total CO2 emissions, construction EG, and cement are increasing each year because they are still developing. Meanwhile, the US, which is a developed country, has negligible fluctuation. In the developing countries, the construction EG tends to increase each year.</p><p> 8) The variation in the construction EG share tends to increase for China and India. This can be said to be a characteristic of developing countries and is similar to the above case.</p><p> It is evident from the above-mentioned discussion that the reduction of construction EG in developing countries is important for global CO2 reduction. This is because the construction EG will increases when a developing country transform into a developed country. To reduce construction EG, it is effective to develop and provide technologies that can achieve low carbonization in cement production, steel production, and energy supply source. In addition, in developing countries where construction would be carried out, investment in construction will continue for a certain period. However, it is considered that the construction of buildings that consider the life to the extent feasible at that time would contribute to the reduction of construction EG in the future.</p>

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