Rearing Practices of Exceptional Foster Parent Villages in Chiba Prefecture during the Post War Era: Role and Limitations of the Foster Parent System for <i>The Exceptional Child</i> Problem

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  • 戦後千葉県における特殊里親部落の養育実践――「特殊児童」問題に里親制度が果たした役割と限界――
  • センゴ チバケン ニ オケル トクシュ サトオヤ ブラク ノ ヨウイク ジッセン : 「 トクシュ ジドウ 」 モンダイ ニ サトオヤ セイド ガ ハタシタ ヤクワリ ト ゲンカイ

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Abstract

<p>This study examines exceptional foster parent villages in Chiba Prefecture between 1953 and the 1970s. When the problem of exceptional children connecting to adults became serious for various reasons including the age of the facilities for mentally retarded children, exceptional children were entrusted to exceptional foster parents who involved them in agricultural work to enhance their independence. The purpose of this study was to explore the background of the establishment of these exceptional foster parent villages, enrollment process, and exceptional foster parents’ fostering as well as to clarify their roles and limitations with regard to the problem of exceptional children. Exceptional foster parent villages became a place for providing care and aftercare. They also played a significant intermediary role among facilities, homes and society, and of connecting exceptional children to compulsory education. However, if the exceptional children were unable to find employment, it was expected of the exceptional foster parents to become contractors in a Japanese-style colony that would take care of the children. The rearing practices in exceptional foster parent villages indicate the limitations of the foster parent system in postwar Japan and the responsibilities and burden shouldered by volunteers.</p>

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