Constructing Migrant Care Workers in East Asia

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  • 東アジアにおける移住ケア労働者の構築
  • ヒガシアジア ニ オケル イジュウ ケア ロウドウシャ ノ コウチク

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Abstract

The demographic challenge of population aging and low fertility rate resulted in an increasing number of migrants undertaking care work within the gendered labor market in East Asia. This paper discusses the construction of migrant care workers at the regional and national levels. First, it compares how migrant care workers are incorporated into the labor market in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea by introducing the concepts of migration regime and care regime. Migrant care workers are situated within the nexus of the two regimes, which are mutually reenforcing. East Asian welfare states are considered to be “familialist.” However, this paper reveals the differentiated construction of migrant care workers through the following nexus: 1）citizenship and quality of care, 2）working conditions and the position in the labor market, and 3）configuration within the global welfare state. Second, it examines the construction of migrant care workers to Japan by using the new institutionalism approach and discusses the processes by which migrants are turned into “others.” It demonstrates that the human rights issue that revolves around the Technical Internship Trainee Program（TITP）is not a deviation caused by fraudulent agencies and abusive employers but systemically produced through the interaction of public and private norms and institutions. To secure the future of care and care work what we have to do is to overcome the historically constructed orientalism towards Asian countries, create career paths in care work, and develop an equal partnership with Asian neighbors. We are at a historical juncture where we need to uphold both care work and the status of migrants.

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