Theoretical Background of the Relationship between Education and Low Fertility in Asia

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  • アジア諸国における教育と少子化の関連についての理論的背景
  • アジア ショコク ニ オケル キョウイク ト ショウシカ ノ カンレン ニ ツイテ ノ リロンテキ ハイケイ

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Abstract

<p>East/Southeast Asian countries have the lowest fertility rates in the world. Their fertility has declined drastically in a short period of time, which overshadows the sustainable development of each country and region. The fertility decline in European countries is understood as a part of the second demographic transition. However, the characteristics and background of the fertility decline in Asia seem different. One of the main background factors is the popularization of higher education due to intense educational competitiveness. This special issue discusses the relationship between education and low fertility in four countries/regions in Asia: South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan. Although circumstances vary, educational competitiveness and the popularization of higher education are commonly linked to both financial and physical burdens for parents, the mismatch in supply and demand of highly educated young adults in the labor market, and the materialistic values emphasizing own-skill improvement rather than marriage life. These factors are likely to reduce birth rates in each country/region.</p>

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