Three-Dimensional Trajectory Construction and Observation of Group Behavior of Wild Bats During Cave Emergence

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  • Fujioka Emyo
    Organization for Research Initiatives and Development, Doshisha University
  • Fukushiro Mika
    Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University
  • Ushio Kazusa
    Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University
  • Kohyama Kyosuke
    Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Kindai University
  • Habe Hitoshi
    Faculty of Science and Engineering, Kindai University
  • Hiryu Shizuko
    Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University

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Abstract

<p>Echolocating bats perceive the surrounding environment by processing echoes of their ultrasound emissions. Echolocation enables bats to avoid colliding with external objects in complete darkness. In this study, we sought to develop a method for measuring the collective behavior of echolocating bats (Miniopterus fuliginosus) emerging from their roost cave using high-sensitivity stereo-camera recording. First, we developed an experimental system to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) flight trajectories of bats emerging from the roost for nightly foraging. Next, we developed a method to automatically track the 3D flight paths of individual bats so that quantitative estimation of the population in proportion to the behavioral classification could be conducted. Because the classification of behavior and the estimation of population size are ecologically important indices, the method established in this study will enable quantitative investigation of how individual bats efficiently leave the roost while avoiding colliding with each other during group movement and how the group behavior of bats changes according to weather and environmental conditions. Such high-precision detection and tracking will contribute to the elucidation of the algorithm of group behavior control in creatures that move in groups together in three dimensions, such as birds.</p>

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