The electoral system of single - member constituencies with proportional representation and the development of competition among political parties

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  • 小選挙区比例代表並立制と政党競合の展開
  • ショウセンキョク ヒレイ ダイヒョウ ヘイリツセイ ト セイトウ キョウゴウ ノ テンカイ

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Abstract

This paper is intended to describe the development of competition among political parties under the electoral system of single - member constituencies with proportional representation, comprehensively from both synchronic and diachronic approaches. This paper’s main findings can be summarized in the following three points: （i） The form of interparty competition during the period of the system of multi - member constituencies regulated the form of the new electoral system, and this served to the advantage of the Liberal Democratic Party of Japan （LDP）, （ii） the birth of massive political parties after adoption of the system of single - member constituencies with proportional representation had the nature of a self - fulfilling prophecy, and this placed a heavy burden on forces other than the LDP, and （iii） the system of single - member constituencies with proportional representation, which combines two systems based on different principles̶single - member constituencies and proportional representation̶has introduced complex dynamics into the political process, and these have led to the contemporary phenomenon of division among opposition parties. The content of this paper suggests that even under the same system of single - member constituencies with proportional representation, the number of single - member constituencies （not those with proportional representation） can greatly alter the form of interparty competition.

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