Formation of the circle of Willis during human embryonic development

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  • Tetsuya Takakuwa
    Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
  • Teppei Koike
    Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
  • Taiga Muranaka
    Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
  • Chigako Uwabe
    Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan
  • Shigehito Yamada
    Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto University Kyoto Japan

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Abstract

Abstract The circle of Willis (CW) is a circulatory anastomosis that supplies blood to the brain and adjacent structures. We examined the timing of formation of CW in 20 Japanese human embryo samples by using 3-dimensional reconstruction of serial histological sections. The CW was closed in 1 (n = 6), 2 (n = 8), 2 (n = 3) and 2 (n = 3) samples at Carnegie stages 20, 21, 22, and 23, respectively. The CW was unclosed in 13 samples (unclosed at ACOM alone, 6 samples; ACOM and bilateral P1, 4; left PCOM and right P1, 1; right PCOM and right P1, 1; ACOM and left PCOM, 1). It was difficult to predict whether the circle would close during further development, as such variations frequently exist in adults.

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