再考：ディグナーガのpakṣābhāsa説――PS III 2b<sup>2</sup>–d<sup>1</sup>の読み方――

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  • Dignāga’s Theory of <i>pakṣābhāsa</i> Reconsidered: How should PS III 2b<sup>2</sup>–d<sup>1</sup> be interpreted?
  • 再考 ディグナーガのpaksabhasa説 : PSⅢ2b²-d¹の読み方
  • サイコウ ディグナーガ ノ paksabhasaセツ : PS Ⅲ 2b²-d¹ノ ヨミカタ

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<p>Dignāga established a theory of pakṣābhāsa (fallacious thesis) in relation to the definition of pakṣa (thesis). In his Pramāṇasamuccaya (PS), he states:</p><p>... anirākṛtaḥ / pratyakṣārthānumānāptaprasiddhena ... // 2 // (PS III 2b2–d1)</p><p>[A property to be proved (sādhyadharma) should] not be opposed by “pratyakṣārthānu-mānāptaprasiddha.”</p><p>Dharmakīrti, in his Pramāṇaviniścaya, inteprets the word pratyakṣārthānumānāptaprasiddha of PS as a dvandva compound of the four component words: pratyakṣārtha, anumāna, āpta, and prasiddha, and understands that the last word prasiddha means śābdaprasiddha. Jinedrabuddhi, a commentator of PS, adopts Dharmakīrti’s interpretation.</p><p>On considering Dignāga’s own explanation in his own commentary (Pramāṇa-samuccayavṛtti, PSV) on this part of the verse, however, the word can be interpreted as a compound of three component words: pratyakṣārtha, anumāna[-prasiddha], and āptaprasiddha. Dignāga explains that when a sādhyadharma stated in a thesis is opposed by another dharma/atha which is already established (prasiddha) by some valid means, such a thesis should be regarded as a fallacious thesis (pakṣābhāsa). Accordingly, the word prasiddha should not be separated to solely mean śābdaprasiddha.</p><p>Intriguingly, Dharmakīrt’s followers mention and criticize such a different interpretation. Śākyabuddhi attributes this interpretation to some commentator (s) of PS (*Pramāṇasamuccayaṭīkākāra), who cannot be identified with Jinendrabuddhi. The interpretation which seems to correspond to Dignāga’s intention has never been supported by Dharmakīrti’s followers, including Jinendrabuddhi, and as a result it was consigned to oblivion.</p><p>Dharmakīrti’s interpretation of Dignāga’s PS/PSV must be useful for understanding the words of PS/PSV. But it should be noted that Dharmakīrti’s interpretation does not necessarily correspond to Dignāga’s own intention.</p>

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