ACTUAL CONDITIONS OF SUPPORT AND ARCHITECTURAL CONFIGURATION OF FACILITIES FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES

• ARAKAWA Mioko

  Former Dept. of Arch., Grad. School of Eng., The Univ. of Tokyo

• MATSUDA Yuji

  Dept. of Arch., Grad. School of Eng., The Univ. of Tokyo

Bibliographic Information

Other Title

• 障害者支援施設の支援と建築構成の実態
• Focusing on target disabilities and private rooms, unit care, day/night separation, etc.
• −対象障害と個室・ユニット化、昼夜分離等に着目して−

Abstract

　In this study, a questionnaire survey of support facilities for persons with disabilities throughout Japan and a floor plan analysis on some of those facilities were conducted. From these surveys, we analyzed the relationship between the characteristics of the disabilities of residents and the care and building conditions, as well as the implementation status of private rooms, unit care, and day/night separation. The results are as follows. 　1) Facilities mainly for people with intellectual disabilities tend to be regarded as "residences for people who need a structured environment, mainly for people with severe behavioral disorders," and they tend to adopt a policy of having everyone participate in daytime activity programs, with 74.1% implementing day/night separation. In addition, in residential settings, there is a tendency to have smaller support units and a higher percentage of implementation of the division of living units. In terms of the staff’s intentions regarding future improvements in facilities and care, the following were pointed out: expansion of the activity room area, reduction of the size of the support unit, and barrier-free access. 　2) Facilities mainly for people with physical disabilities tend to be regarded as "residences for people with the most severe disabilities who require extensive support with physical assistance" or "residences for people who require medical care." In addition, many of these facilities tend to have a policy of allowing free participation in daytime activity programs or not having any programs, and do not implement day/night separation. In residential settings, there is a tendency to have larger support units and room capacities, and a higher percentage not to implementing the division of living units. In terms of the staff's intentions regarding future improvements in facilities and care, there were requests for support such as the introduction of nursing care equipment. 　3) In terms of the specific building configuration of day/night separation, the most common types are the "centralized type” in which rooms and activity rooms are contained in one building and separated by area or floor, and the "decentralized type" in which the building is divided into several buildings with different functions such as residence and activity. 　4) Compared to the “multi-bedroom type” facilities, the proportion of area occupied by management and services is smaller than in “private room type” facilities, and the area of bedrooms, common areas, and total floor space per person tend to be larger. Among the “private room type” facilities, there is no difference in the area composition between the “unit-type” and “conventional-type” facilities. “unit-type” facilities tend to have more staff than the other facilities. 　These results suggest that facilities mainly for the people with intellectual disabilities tend to be conscious of creating a clear rhythm of life through the activity programs and architectural configuration of the facilities, and that architectural configurations that facilitate the creation of structured environment and individual support are required. On the other hand, in the case of facilities mainly for the people with physical disabilities, the creation of a clear rhythm of life is not so important, and it is suggested that the ease of providing both direct support, such as physical assistance, and indirect support, such as watching over, is required. In addition, when implementing unit care, it is necessary to consider the support system rather than the architectural configuration.

Journal

• Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ)

  Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 86 (787), 2234-2245, 2021-09-30

  Architectural Institute of Japan

Keywords

• Support Facilities for Persons with Disabilities
• Intellectual Disability
• Physical Disability
• Unit Care
• Nationwide Survey

Details

• CRID: 1390289553400811392
• NII Article ID: 130008093846
• DOI: 10.3130/aija.86.2234
• ISSN: 18818161
• ISSN: 13404210
• Web Site: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/aija/86/787/86_2234/_pdf
• Text Lang: ja
• Data Source:
  • JaLC
  • Crossref
  • CiNii Articles
  • KAKEN
• Abstract License Flag: Disallowed