加速局面と最大スピード局面における幼児の疾走能力の特性

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  • Characteristics of Young Children's Sprint Capability in Accelerating and Maximum Speed Phase
  • カソク キョクメン ト サイダイ スピード キョクメン ニ オケル ヨウジ ノ シッソウ ノウリョク ノ トクセイ

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In this study, we examined the relationship between running speed, step frequency and length in the acceleration and maximum speed phases in young children’s 25 m and adults’ 50 m sprint. The subjects were 21 younger boys (4.8 ± 0.2 years), 22 elder boys (5.8 ± 0.3 years) and 20 healthy male adults (21.2 ± 1.2 years). In the young children’s 25 m and adult’s 50 m sprint, the sections 0 to 15 m and 0 to 30 m, respectively, were defined as the acceleration phase of, and 15 to 25 and 30 to 50 m, respectively, as the maximum speed phase to examine the time (seconds), step frequency (step/second) and length (m/step) in the two phases. Result showed that the running speed and step length of elder boys were significantly larger than those of younger boys, without significant differences in step frequency between the two groups (p<0.05). In all groups, the running speed and step length in the maximum speed phase were significantly larger than those in the acceleration phase, and the step frequency was significantly smaller (p <0.05). The young children’s height showed moderate correlation (r = 0.514 〜 0.608) with the running speed and step length in the two phases, but no correlation with the step frequency was found. There was a strong positive correlation (r = 0.606 〜 0.862) between the running speed and step length in all groups, but no correlation was found between the running speed and step frequency. From these results it was concluded that, like for adults, the faster the running speed in acceleration phase in young childhood, the higher the running speed in the maximum speed phase and, furthermore, the running speeds of young children in the acceleration and maximum speed phases are determined by the increase in step length accompanying the increase in height.

収録刊行物

  • 教育医学

    教育医学 63 (4), 333-339, 2018

    日本教育医学会

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