The unique physiological features of the broiler pectoralis major muscle as suggested by the three-dimensional ultrastructural study of mitochondria in type IIb muscle fibers

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  • HOSOTANI Marina
    Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
  • KAMETANI Kiyokazu
    Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
  • OHNO Nobuhiko
    Division of Ultrastructural Research, National Institute for Physiological Science, Okazaki, Aichi 444-8585, Japan Division of Histology and Cell Biology, Department of Anatomy, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
  • HIRAMATSU Kohzy
    Laboratory of Animal Functional Anatomy (LAFA), Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
  • KAWASAKI Takeshi
    Research Office Concerning the Health of Humans and Birds, Abashiri, Hokkaido 099-3119, Japan
  • HASEGAWA Yasuhiro
    Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
  • IWASAKI Tomohito
    Department of Food Science and Human Wellness, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment Science, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
  • WATANABE Takafumi
    Department of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan

Abstract

<p>Typical skeletal muscles are composed of mixed muscle fiber types, which are classified as slow-twitch (type I) and fast-twitch (type II) fibers, whereas pectoralis major muscles (PMs) in broiler chickens are 100% composed of type IIb fast-twitch fibers. Since metabolic properties differ among muscle fiber types, the combination of muscle fiber types is involved in physiological functions and pathological conditions in skeletal muscles. In this study, using serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, we compared three-dimensional (3D) mitochondrial properties in type IIb fibers in broiler PMs and those in type I fibers of broiler gastrocnemius muscles (GMs) heterogeneously composed of slow- and fast-twitch muscle fibers. In type I fibers in the GMs, elongated mitochondria with numerous interconnections to form a substantial network among myofibrils were observed. Along with lipid droplets sandwiched by mitochondria, these features are an adaptation to effective oxidative respiration and constant oxidative damage in slow-twitch muscle fibers. In contrast, type IIb fibers in the PMs showed small and ellipsoid-shaped mitochondria with few interconnections and no lipid droplets, forming a sparse network. The mitochondrial spatial network comprises of active mitochondrial dynamics to reduce mitochondrial damage; therefore, type IIb fibers possess physiologically low capacity to maintain mitochondrial wellness due to static mitochondrial dynamics. Based on 3D mitochondrial properties, we discussed the contrasting physiological functions between type I and IIb fibers and proposed a high contractile power and low stress resistance as unique physiological properties of broiler PMs.</p>

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