Development of Executive Functions Across the Life Span: Focusing on Inhibition

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  • 実行機能の形成と衰退：抑制に注目して
  • ジッコウ キノウ ノ ケイセイ ト スイタイ : ヨクセイ ニ チュウモク シテ

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Abstract

<p>Executive functions are a type of high-level mental functions that are easily affected by aging, although they take a long time to develop. When seen from the perspective of the lifetime, executive functions seem to be hardly consolidated and easily deteriorate. Moreover, it is considered that they are affected by various developmental disorders. This study examined the development and decline of executive functions mainly from the perspective of “inhibition of responses.” Firstly, the characteristics of executive functions are discussed from the standpoint of predictability, malleability, and correlation. Inhibitory functions, which are considered the most fundamental factors of executive functions, are examined in relation to other functions, and previous studies that classified inhibition into different types are introduced. Secondly, various problems of executive functions seen in typical and atypical development are reviewed. Thirdly, relevant studies on social, linguistic, and experiential factors, are introduced, by explaining that each factor is essential for the development of inhibitory functions. Finally, future issues for studies in the development of inhibitory functions are discussed.</p>

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