Characterization of single nucleotide polymorphisms for a forward genetics approach using genetic crosses in C57BL/6 and BALB/c substrains of mice
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- Miura Ikuo
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Cooperative Graduate School, School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan Deafness Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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- Kikkawa Yoshiaki
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Department of Cooperative Graduate School, School of Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 1-757 Asahimachi-dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata 951-8510, Japan Deafness Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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- Yasuda Shumpei P.
- Deafness Project, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan
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- Shinogi Akiko
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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- Usuda Daiki
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan Integrated Bioresource Information Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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- Kumar Vivek
- The Jackson Laboratory, 600 Main Street, Bar Harbor, Maine 04609, United States
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- Takahashi Joseph S.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd, Dallas, Texas 75390, United States
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- Tamura Masaru
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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- Masuya Hiroshi
- Integrated Bioresource Information Division, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
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- Wakana Shigeharu
- Technology and Development Team for Mouse Phenotype Analysis, Japan Mouse Clinic, RIKEN BioResource Research Center, 3-1-1 Koyadai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan Department of Animal Experimentation, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation at Kobe, Creative Lab for Innovation in Kobe, 5F 6-3-7, Minatojima-Minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0047, Japan
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Abstract
<p> Forward genetics is a powerful approach based on chromosomal mapping of phenotypes and has successfully led to the discovery of many mouse mutations in genes responsible for various phenotypes. Although crossing between genetically remote strains can produce F2 and backcross mice for chromosomal mapping, the phenotypes are often affected by background effects from the partner strains in genetic crosses. Genetic crosses between substrains might be useful in genetic mapping to avoid genetic background effects. In this study, we investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) available for genetic mapping using substrains of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. In C57BL/6 mice, 114 SNP markers were developed and assigned to locations on all chromosomes for full utilization for genetic mapping using genetic crosses between the C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N substrains. Moreover, genetic differences were identified in the 114 SNP markers among the seven C57BL/6 substrains from five production breeders. In addition, 106 SNPs were detected on all chromosomes of BALB/cAJcl and BALB/cByJJcl substrains. These SNPs could be used for genotyping in BALB/cJ, BALB/cAJcl, BALB/cAnNCrlCrlj, and BALB/cCrSlc mice, and they are particularly useful for genetic mapping using crosses between BALB/cByJJcl and other BALB/c substrains. The SNPs characterized in this study can be utilized for genetic mapping to identify the causative mutations of the phenotypes induced by N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea mutagenesis and the SNPs responsible for phenotypic differences between the substrains of C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice.</p>
Journal
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- Experimental Animals
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Experimental Animals 71 (2), 240-251, 2022
Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science
