Identification of phenethylamine in chlorella extract as a hepatoprotective compound and its possible underlying mechanism

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  • Sato Kenji
    Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
  • Zheng Yifeng
    Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Shinshu University
  • Okumura Eri
    Research & Development Group, Sun Chlorella Co., Ltd.
  • Fujishima Masaki
    Research & Development Group, Sun Chlorella Co., Ltd.
  • Inoue Yoshihiro
    Insect Biomedical Research Center, Kyoto Institute of Technology

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  • クロレラ中の肝保護作用成分－フェネチルアミン：同定とその作用機作

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Abstract

<p>Chlorela, Chlorella pyrenoidosa, has a long history of usage as food supplements. It has been reported that chlorella and its hot water extract exhibit beneficial activities, such as anti-dyslipidemic activity, upon oral administration. However, little was known for the active compounds responsible for the beneficial activities. The present review introduces recent findings of active compound in chlorella. Phenethylamine, decarboxylated phenylalanine, was identified as active compound in chlorella hot water extract by life-span extending assay using superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 gene (Sod1)-knocked out Drosophila melanogaster. An animal experiment also demonstrated that phenethylamine mitigated high fat diet (HFD)-induced liver damage. lipid peroxidation in liver, and plasma hyper low-density lipoprotein cholesterol of mice (C57BL/6J) upon oral administration (10 μg/kd body weight) without markedly decreasing lipid accumulation in liver. In addition, phenethylamine maintained glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) protein level in the liver, which suppressed generation of methylglyoxal from substrates of GAPDH. Suppression of toxic aldehyde generation by phenethylamine was also confirmed by maintaining hepatic cysteine, highly reactive to aldehydes. These findings provide new theory that decrease of GAPDH by HFD feeding increases generation of methylglyoxal, which triggers oxidation of accumulated lipid and consequently induces liver damage. Trace amounts of phenethylamine alleviate high fat diet-induced liver damage by regulating methylglyoxal via maintaining</p>

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