Capacitive response and room-temperature terahertz gain of a Wannier–Stark ladder system in GaAs-based superlattices

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Abstract

<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We investigate the phase and terahertz (THz) gain of Bloch oscillations in GaAs-based superlattices at various temperatures of <jats:italic>T</jats:italic> = 80–298 K by using THz emission spectroscopy under bias electric fields. The transient current is found to start from its maximum nearly as damped cos ω<jats:sub>B</jats:sub> <jats:italic>t</jats:italic> (ω<jats:sub>B</jats:sub>/2π: Bloch frequency) throughout this temperature range, having only a small initial phase even for <jats:italic>kT</jats:italic> > <jats:italic>ħ</jats:italic>ω<jats:sub>B</jats:sub> (<jats:italic>k</jats:italic>: Boltzmann constant) and dephasing time shortening with increasing temperature. A spectral analysis indicates inversionless THz gain that originates from the capacitive nature of a Wannier–Stark ladder system with broadened energy levels at room temperature.</jats:p>

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