Redox Reactions in Prussian Blue Analogue Films with Fast Na<sup>+</sup> Intercalation

Abstract

<jats:p> Electronic state of cobalt and manganese Prussian blue analogues were systematically investigated against Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> intercalation by means of the infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopies. The spectroscopies revealed that 3.8 and 3.4 V plateaus in the discharge curve of Na<jats:sub> <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> </jats:sub>Co[Fe(CN)<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>]<jats:sub>0.90</jats:sub>2.9H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O (denoted as NCF90) are ascribed to the reduction processes of Fe<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> and Co<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>, respectively. On the other hand, 3.6 and 3.2 V plateaus of Na<jats:sub> <jats:italic>x</jats:italic> </jats:sub>Mn[Fe(CN)<jats:sub>6</jats:sub>]<jats:sub>0.83</jats:sub>3.5H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O (NMF83) are ascribed to the reduction processes of Mn<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup> and Fe<jats:sup>3+</jats:sup>, respectively. We found that the film electrodes with a thickness of 1.1 µm exhibit fast Na<jats:sup>+</jats:sup> intercalations: the discharge capacity at 60 C of the NCF90 (NFM83) film was 90% (45%) of the open-circuit-voltage (OCV) value. Thus, Prussian blue analogue films are promising cathode candidates for sodium-ion secondary batteries. </jats:p>

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