Crystal structure instability of FeSe grains: Formation of non-superconducting phase at the grain surface

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>We investigated the magnetization and crystal structure of FeSe polycrystalline samples with various grain sizes. For the samples with large grains, a large magnetic critical current density <jats:italic>J</jats:italic> <jats:sub>c</jats:sub> was observed. For the samples with small grains, superconductivity signals were not observed; instead, magnetization hysteresis, which is not a result of superconductivity, was observed. In the X-ray diffraction pattern for the samples with small grains, broad additional peaks were observed, corresponding to the formation of the non-superconducting (monoclinic) Fe–Se phase at the FeSe grain surface. The crystal structure instability at the grain surface would be the reason for the low superconducting properties of the Fe-chalcogenide polycrystalline wires investigated thus far.</jats:p>

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