Thickness dependence of piezoelectric properties of BiFeO<sub>3</sub> films fabricated using rf magnetron sputtering system

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title> <jats:p>The piezoelectric property of BiFeO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> films prepared on a (100) LaNiO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>/Si(100) substrate using an rf magnetron sputtering system was investigated for their applications in MEMS vibration energy harvesters. The X-ray diffraction profiles indicate that (100)-oriented BiFeO<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> films with thicknesses from 450 to 1750 nm were obtained at a deposition temperature of 510 °C. All the films showed well-defined ferroelectric hysteresis loops at room temperature. The thickness dependence of crystallinity and electrical properties indicated that the films have a bottom layer with a high defect density. The <jats:italic>e</jats:italic> <jats:sub>31,f</jats:sub> piezoelectric coefficient and electromechanical coupling factor (<jats:inline-formula> <jats:tex-math><?CDATA $k_{\text{31,f}}^{2}$?></jats:tex-math> <jats:inline-graphic xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="FM16050if001.gif" xlink:type="simple" /> </jats:inline-formula>) increase with increasing film thickness and reach −3.2 C/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup> and 3.3%, respectively, at a thickness of 1750 nm, which is considered to be caused by the decrease in defect density.</jats:p>

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