Reactive oxygen species inhibited by titanium oxide coatings

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Titanium is a successful biomaterial that possesses good biocompatibility. It is covered by a surface layer of titanium dioxide, and this oxide may play a critical role in inhibiting reactive oxygen species, such as peroxynitrite, produced during the inflammatory response. In the present study, titanium dioxide was coated onto silicone substrates by radio‐frequency sputtering. Silicone coating with titanium dioxide enhanced the breakdown of peroxynitrite by 79%. At physiologic pH, the peroxynitrite donor 3‐morpholinosydnonimine‐N‐ethylcarbamide (SIN‐1) was used to nitrate 4‐hydroxyphenylacetic acid (4‐HPA) to form 4‐hydroxy‐3‐nitrophenyl acetic acid (NHPA). Titanium dioxide‐coated silicone inhibited the nitration of 4‐HPA by 61% compared to aluminum oxide‐coated silicone and 55% compared to uncoated silicone. J774A.1 mouse macrophages were plated on oxide‐coated silicone and polystyrene and stimulated to produce superoxide and interleukin‐6. Superoxide production was measured by the chemiluminescent reaction with 2‐methyl‐6‐[p‐methoxyphenyl]‐3,7‐dihydroimidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazin‐3‐one (MCLA). Titanium dioxide‐coated silicone exhibited a 55% decrease in superoxide compared to uncoated silicone and a 165% decrease in superoxide compared to uncoated polystyrene. Titanium dioxide‐coated silicone inhibited IL‐6 production by 77% compared to uncoated silicone. These results show that the anti‐inflammatory properties of titanium dioxide can be transferred to the surfaces of silicone substrates. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 66A: 396–402, 2003</jats:p>

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