Bone formation and bioresorption after implantation of injectable β‐tricalcium phosphate granules–hyaluronate complex in rabbit bone defects

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<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a complex of β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) granules and 3.5% hyaluronate (β‐TCP granules–HY complex) compared with a β‐TCP block, in terms of osteoconductivity and biodegradability, to determine whether this complex would be a good candidate for bone void filler. Both materials were implanted into cavities drilled in rabbit femoral condyles. New bone formation and mineral apposition rate were evaluated to analyze osteoconductivity, whereas residual β‐TCP within the defects and tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) cellular activity were studied for β‐TCP resorption. The results show that both the β‐TCP block and the β‐TCP granules–HY complex support bone ingrowth; however, bioresorption was rapid for β‐TCP granules–HY but weak for β‐TCP block. This biodegradation mechanism was considered to be a cell‐mediated disintegration by numerous TRAP‐positive giant cells. The time lag between the peak value of TRAP‐positive giant cell population and that of new bone formation rate suggests that a coupling‐like phenomenon could be occurring in the β‐TCP‐filled bone defects. In addition, β‐TCP granules–HY complex, which is an injectable, pastelike material, has similar osteoconductive properties to β‐TCP block. Thus, this complex may be useful as a bone filler in clinical application. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res 70A: 542–549, 2004</jats:p>

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