Pathology of Fatal West Nile Virus Infections in Native and Exotic Birds during the 1999 Outbreak in New York City, New York

• K. E. Steele

  Division of Pathology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, MD

• M. J. Linn

  Department of Pathology, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY

• R. J. Schoepp

  Division of Pathology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, MD

• N. Komar

  Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO

• T. W. Geisbert

  Division of Pathology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, MD

• R. M. Manduca

  Department of Pathology, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY

• P. P. Calle

  Department of Clinical Sciences, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY

• B. L. Raphael

  Department of Clinical Sciences, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY

• T. L. Clippinger

  Department of Clinical Sciences, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY

• T. Larsen

  Division of Pathology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, MD

• J. Smith

  Division of Virology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, MD

• R. S. Lanciotti

  Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO

• N. A. Panella

  Arbovirus Diseases Branch, Division of Vector-borne Infectious Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, CO

• T. S. McNamara

  Department of Pathology, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, NY

抄録

West Nile fever caused fatal disease in humans, horses, and birds in the northeastern United States during 1999. We studied birds from two wildlife facilities in New York City, New York, that died or were euthanatized and were suspected to have West Nile virus infections. Using standard histologic and ultrastructural methods, virus isolation, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, we identified West Nile virus as the cause of clinical disease, severe pathologic changes, and death in 27 birds representing eight orders and 14 species. Virus was detected in 23/26 brains (88%), 24/25 hearts (96%), 15/18 spleens (83%), 14/20 livers (70%), 20/20 kidneys (100%), 10/13 adrenals (77%), 13/14 intestines (93%), 10/12 pancreata (83%), 5/12 lungs (42%), and 4/8 ovaries (50%) by one or more methods. Cellular targets included neurons and glial cells in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral ganglia; myocardial fibers; macrophages and blood monocytes; renal tubular epithelium; adrenal cortical cells; pancreatic acinar cells and islet cells; intestinal crypt epithelium; oocytes; and fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells. Purkinje cells were especially targeted, except in crows and magpies. Gross hemorrhage of the brain, splenomegaly, menin-goencephalitis, and myocarditis were the most prominent lesions. Immunohistochemistry was an efficient and reliable method for identifying infected cases, but the polyclonal antibody cross-reacted with St. Louis encephalitis virus and other flaviviruses. In contrast, the in situ hybridization probe pWNV-E (WN-USAMRIID99) reacted only with West Nile virus. These methods should aid diagnosticians faced with the emergence of West Nile virus in the United States.

収録刊行物

• Veterinary Pathology

  Veterinary Pathology 37 (3), 208-224, 2000-05

  SAGE Publications

キーワード

• General Veterinary

詳細情報

• CRID: 1363670320889976320
• NII論文ID: 30006373891
• DOI: 10.1354/vp.37-3-208
• ISSN: 15442217
• ISSN: 03009858
• Web Site: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1354/vp.37-3-208
• Web Site: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1354/vp.37-3-208
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